Toe pecking is an unwanted and injurious behavior which causes, fear, loss of limbs and mortality in commercially kept laying hens. An increase in flocks with TP problems has been observed in several European countries, also in The Netherlands. Injurious behaviour seriously challenges "animal-worthy" husbandry by impacting the intrinsic value and the emotional state of the hens, thus improvement would aid towards a more safe and sustainable egg production. This project aims to get more insight in the prevalence, risk factors and ontogeny of TP.